Your CV is often the first thing an employer sees, so it has a big job to do. In a short document, it needs to show who you are, what you can do and why you suit the role. Many people find this hard, especially when applying for a first job or changing careers.

The good news is that a strong CV is not complicated. With a clear structure and honest, specific writing, anyone can build one. This guide walks you through each step, from gathering your details to saving the final file.

Key takeaways

• Gather your work, education and skills details before you start writing.
• Use a clean, simple layout that is easy to read in under a minute.
• Describe what you achieved, not only what your duties were.
• Tailor your CV to each job by matching it to the job description.
• Proofread carefully and be thoughtful about the personal details you share.

Step 1: Gather your information first

Before you open a document, collect everything you might include. This saves time and helps you see what is most useful.

• Contact details: your full name, phone number, professional email address and city.
• Work history: job titles, employer names and dates for each role.
• Education and training: schools, courses, certificates and dates.
• Skills: computer skills, languages, practical abilities and strengths.
• Other experience: volunteering, internships, projects or community roles.

If you have little paid experience, do not worry. Volunteering, school projects and helping in a family business all show real skills.

Step 2: Choose a clean, simple format

A good CV is easy to scan. Use a plain font such as Arial or Calibri, a readable size of 10 to 12 points, and clear headings. Leave some white space so the page does not feel crowded.

Most CVs work well in one of three layouts. Pick the one that fits your situation.

For most beginners, a one-page CV is enough. If you have many years of experience, two pages is acceptable.

Step 3: Write each section clearly

Contact details

Place your name at the top in a larger size. Add your phone number, email and city. Use a simple, professional email address, ideally based on your name.

Short profile

Write two or three sentences at the top that summarize who you are and what you offer. Keep it specific. For example: “Organized customer service assistant with two years of experience in retail, skilled in communication and problem solving.”

Work experience

List each role with the job title, employer, location and dates. Under each one, add three to five short bullet points. Start each with an action word such as managed, organized, trained or improved.

Focus on results where you can. “Helped customers and handled daily cash tasks” is fine, but “Served customers daily and balanced the cash drawer at closing” is clearer. Only include numbers that are true and that you can explain if asked.

Education and training

Include the name of the school or training provider, the qualification and the year. If you are early in your career, place this section above work experience.

Skills

Group your skills in a short list. Include a mix of practical skills (such as Microsoft Word, Excel or customer service) and languages. Be honest about your level, for example “English: fluent” or “Amharic: native.”

Step 4: Tailor your CV to each job

A single general CV rarely works for every application. Spend ten minutes adjusting it for each role.

1. Read the job description carefully.
2. Underline the key skills and tasks it mentions.
3. Check which of these you can honestly claim.
4. Move the most relevant points higher on your CV.
5. Use similar wording where it truthfully describes your experience.

This shows the employer that you understand the role. It also helps if the company uses software to sort applications by keywords.

Step 5: Proofread and save it safely

Spelling and grammar mistakes can distract from your strengths. Read your CV slowly, then read it again out loud. Ask a friend or family member to check it too. Make sure dates, job titles and spellings of company names are consistent.

When you are happy with it, save the file as a PDF so the layout does not change on another device. Use a clear file name such as Firstname-Lastname-CV.pdf.

Safety note: Share only the personal details an employer needs. Your name, phone, email and city are enough. Avoid putting your home street address, ID or passport number, bank details or date of birth on a CV that you post on public job boards. Be cautious of any job offer that asks for payment or sensitive documents before an interview.

Common mistakes to avoid

• Too long: Keep it focused on what matters most for the job.
• Vague wording: Replace general phrases with specific examples.
• Untrue claims: Always be honest, because details can be checked.
• Messy design: Avoid too many colors, fonts or decorations.
• Outdated details: Check that your phone number and email still work.
• One CV for everything: Adjust it for each application.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should a CV be?

One page is a good goal for beginners and for people with a few years of experience. Two pages can work if you have a longer career. Keep every line useful.

Should I include a photo?

This depends on the employer and the country. If the job advert does not ask for one, it is usually safe to leave it out. Follow any instructions in the advert.

What if I have no work experience?

Use a skills-based format. Highlight education, volunteering, school or community projects, and personal strengths such as reliability and teamwork. Describe what you did and what you learned.

Is a CV the same as a resume?

The two terms are very similar and often used interchangeably. Some employers expect a CV to be a little more detailed, so always check the job advert for guidance.

Writing a CV is a skill you can improve with practice. Start with the basics, keep your writing clear and honest, and update your CV regularly as you gain new experience. A well-prepared CV helps you present your best self with confidence.